\begin{table}[htbp]\centering
\def\sym#1{\ifmmode^{#1}\else\(^{#1}\)\fi}
\caption{Balance test \label{tab:balance-test}}
\begin{tabular}{l*{3}{c}}
\toprule
                    &\multicolumn{1}{c}{\makecell{Control}}&\multicolumn{1}{c}{\makecell{Deont.}}&\multicolumn{1}{c}{\makecell{Conseq.}}\\
\midrule
Age                 &       49.12&       50.44&       50.57\\
                    &     (15.38)&     (15.30)&     (15.40)\\
Female              &        0.52&        0.51&        0.52\\
                    &      (0.50)&      (0.50)&      (0.50)\\
\emph{Household income}&            &            &            \\
\hspace{0.2cm} $<$ 1,500&        0.16&        0.17&        0.16\\
                    &      (0.37)&      (0.38)&      (0.37)\\
\hspace{0.2cm} 1,500 -- 3,000&        0.40&        0.41&        0.41\\
                    &      (0.49)&      (0.49)&      (0.49)\\
\hspace{0.2cm} 3,000 -- 4,000&        0.23&        0.23&        0.21\\
                    &      (0.42)&      (0.42)&      (0.41)\\
\hspace{0.2cm} $\geq$ 4,000&        0.20&        0.19&        0.22\\
                    &      (0.40)&      (0.40)&      (0.41)\\
\emph{Education}    &            &            &            \\
\hspace{0.2cm} University degree&        0.21&        0.22&        0.20\\
                    &      (0.41)&      (0.41)&      (0.40)\\
\hspace{0.2cm} A-levels / vocational training&        0.20&        0.18&        0.19\\
                    &      (0.40)&      (0.38)&      (0.39)\\
\hspace{0.2cm} Secondary school&        0.36&        0.38&        0.38\\
                    &      (0.48)&      (0.48)&      (0.48)\\
\hspace{0.2cm} Secondary general school&        0.22&        0.23&        0.23\\
                    &      (0.42)&      (0.42)&      (0.42)\\
\hspace{0.2cm} No degree&        0.00&        0.00&        0.00\\
                    &      (0.07)&      (0.07)&      (0.06)\\
\midrule
Observations        &        1109&        1141&        1198\\
\bottomrule
\multicolumn{4}{l}{\footnotesize \emph{Notes:} Table shows mean values and standard deviations in parentheses.}\\
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
